Vaccinium myrtiflus Ericaceae Also called Whortleberry, Blaeberry

Priferring the damp, acidic soils of heaths, woods and moorland, bilberry is found throughout Europe. It is a low-growing shrub with oval, serrated leaves. Its white or pinkish flowers give way to purplish black, edible berries. Each berry is the size of a small pea and, when ripe, has a clearly visible depression at the top.

Parts used

Leaves and berries

In summer the leaves are stripped from their branches, collected and then dried.

The berries are gathered when ripe and usually used fresh. Both leaves and berries are used in infusions, powders and dry or liquid extracts.

Constituents

The berries contain anthocyanins, which strengthen and protect the capillaries, and vitamin C. Polyphenols (catechin) and tannins are also present.

The leaves contain phenolic acids (caffeic acid) as well as tannins and iridoids.

Medicinal uses

Bilberry is often prescribed for vein and lymphatic disorders and to strengthen the capillaries. Studies performed in 1976 revealed that the beneficial effect on the small blood vessels is due to the anthocyanins in the berries, which increase the strength of the capillaries while reducing their permeability.

Anthocyanins are antioxidants and so, along with vitamin C, protect against damage from free radicals (present in the atmosphere and in food).

Bilberry has been shown to be useful in treating eyesight problems. For example, it can improve the eye's ability to adapt to darkness. A clinical trial published in 1989 found that anthocyanins from bilberry plus vitamin E improved the symptoms of cataracts in older people.

Bilberry has been used to treat diarrhoea and inflammation of the digestive tract, as well as other inflammatory conditions. The leaves have been indicated in the treatment of diabetes.

Cautions

Do not use while taking anticoagulation drugs.

Bilberry should be avoided by pregnant and breastfeeding women.

Preparation and Dosages

For Internal Use

• TO TREAT vein disorders, eyesight problems

• TABLETS (60mg bilberry extract) Take 1-3 tablets a day with water.

• LIQUID EXTRACT Take 50 drops in a glass of water before meals.

If Symptoms Persist Consult a Doctor

Cultivation

• The plant is commonly harvested from the wild and seldom cultivated. It grows in moist, acid soil in sun or light shade.